Looking for:
Cara record zoom tanpa izin host di pc. Mesin dan Keindahan Tanpa Aura: Teknologi dalam Kajian Budaya
Bagi kita yang sering kali mengikuti meeting online di zoom baik urusan pekerjaan, sekolah, atau aktivitas virtual lainnya, tentu kita tidak ingin melewatkan apa yang sedang dibahas.
Misalnya pada saat kita menjadi peserta terkadang kita ingin mengulang dan mempelajari pembahasan atau materi presentasi yang disampaikan oleh narasumber. Ada sebuah solusi yang bisa dilakukan yaitu dengan cara merekam zoom meeting tersebut menjadi video sehingga kita bisa mengulang materi sesuka kita. Memang proses merekam zoom meeting di hp dan di laptop mempunyai langkah yang berbeda.
Namun secara garis besar ada 2 cara yaitu dengan memanfaatkan fitur record pada aplikasi Zoom namun harus dengan izin host atau dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi rekam layar pihak ketiga. Nah, mari kita mulai dengan menggunakan fitur record di aplikasi Zoom terlebih dahulu. Setelah kita menyudahi sesi meeting atau Leave Meeting maka video hasil perekaman tersebut akan disimpan secara otomatis. Di dalam folder tersebut akan ada beberapa folder dengan nama tanggal dan jam. Silahkan buka folder tersebut maka di dalamnya akan ada file dengan format MP4 hasil dari record zoom.
Solusi lain jika ingin merekam zoom tanpa izin host adalah dengan menggunakan aplikasi perekam layar PC pihak ketiga seperti OBS atau Bandicam. Silahkan lihat caranya di tutorial cara menggunakan bandicam. Misalnya saja kita akan menggunakan aplikasi AZ Screen Recorder.
Di dalamnya akan ada file MP4 yang berisi video zoom kita. Untuk merekam via hp memang saat ini zoom belum menyediakan fitur tersebut sebagai peserta, kecuali pada jenis akun berbayar yang bisa melakukan perekaman dan menyimpannya di cloud. Baca juga: Cara Mengganti Background Zoom. Proses merekam zoom meeting di laptop bisa dilakukan di aplikasi zoomnya tanpa bantuan aplikasi pihak ketiga. Berbeda dengan proses merekam zoom meeting di hp yang butuh aplikasi pihak ketiga.
Sebagai peserta umumnya kita harus ijin terlebih dahulu untuk merekam segala aktivitas meeting kepada host hal ini termasuk juga record meeting. Simpan nama dan email saya untuk berkomentar lagi nanti. ENTER, untuk memulai pencarian! Adi Wirawan. Menyukai dunia fotografi dan teknologi. Pernah belajar teknik komputer dan jaringan. Kirim Komentar Batal Simpan nama dan email saya untuk berkomentar lagi nanti.
2 Cara Merekam Zoom Meeting di Laptop dan HP tanpa Ribet.Office Insiders
I most certainly will forward this information to him. The text in yoour post seem to be running off the screen in Opera. The design lok greeat though! Hope you get the problem solved soon.
Wonderful post! We are linking to this great article on our website. Keep up the great writing. I have learn this put up and if I may I desire to counsel you some interesting things or advice. Perhaps you could write next articles relating to this article. I want to learn even more things about it! I have been surfing online more than 3 hours as of late, yet I by no means discovered any interesting article like yours.
In my opinion, if all webmasters and bloggers made just right content as you did, the net will likely be much more helpful than ever before. Wonderful goods from you, man. You make it entertaining and you still care for to keep it wise.
Wonderful beat! I wish to apprentice even as you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a weblog website? The account helped me a appropriate deal. I visited many web pages except the audio feature for audio songs current at this web page is actually superb.
This is my first time go to see at here and i am actually impressed to read everthing at alone place. This is really interesting, You are a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your great post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks! I know this site presents quality depending posts and other stuff, is there any other site which offers these kinds of data in quality? Are there any dangers in taking Viagra in the long term?
My boyfriend began taking Viagra and now he has headaches. Many clinical trials and opinions, together with a Cochrane overview, have checked out the usage of piracetam, one of the unique racetams, however there now appear to be extra potent ones.
Now the companions are testing a potential booster shot, they usually continue to check the two-dose shot in new patient groups, including pregnant ladies, via yr-olds and kids from six months to eleven years outdated.
These are the identical people who find themselves prepared to buy online with out testing their physique first. Some websites will offer free trials but there are also some that will require you to pay a price if you wish to try this drugs before you buy it. There are some websites that will assist you understand how to make use of the medicine higher.
Learning about potential triggers will aid you cope together with your panic and anxiety disorder. Studying how to acknowledge doable anxiety attack triggers is vital. I was looking for this certain information for a very long time. Ahaa, its fastidious conversation concerning this paragraph here at this blog, I have read all that, so at this time me also commenting here.
I was suggested this web site by my cousin. You could definitely see your expertise within the work you write. Always go after your heart. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme? Excellent work! Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Internet explorer. The style and design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. I wish to say that this article is amazing, great written and come with almost all vital infos.
I would like to look more posts like this. Your method of explaining all in this article is truly nice, every one can easily be aware of it, Thanks a lot.
Viagra is also inhibits an enzyme referred to as phosphodiesterase that normally break down messenger molecules concerned within the vitality course of. The researchers analyzed water samples from two sewage-therapy plants in Seoul to measure the concentration of chemicals referred to as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, or PDE-5i, corresponding to sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, which are prescribed mainly to deal with erectile dysfunction.
Sildenafil, which is understood for treating erectile dysfunction, works by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks down a natural blood vessel-relaxing chemical called cGMP. This flower hack works as a result of wilting and erectile dysfunction contain the identical enzyme. Former NFL wide receiver Chad Ochocinco says he used to take Viagra before games to help enhance his efficiency on the sector. If you want to stop panic or anxiety attacks, the sooner you may learn how to do that, the higher.
So which drug appears to work better? Access to various payment gateways was one of the greatest issues we observed from multiple countries. In certain places of the world, traditional payment gateways may restrict customers. You can use Bitcoin payments to solve this problem. Many businesses worldwide are starting to accept Bitcoin as a payment method like they do credit cards. We offer support for receiving bitcoin payments.
Due to lower transaction costs than a conventional credit card payment, bitcoin payments are more cost-effective than standard credit card transactions. So it is advisable to use Bitcoin payments instead of the traditional ways, but we are not trying to force you into anything; you are free to choose whatever payment method you want. For the reason that the admin of this site is working, no hesitation very rapidly it will be renowned, due to its quality contents.
Sweet blog! I found it while searching on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? This sort of clever work and exposure! My brother suggested I might like this blog. He was entirely right. This post truly made my day. You can not imagine simply how much time I had spent for this information!
I wish to apprentice whilst you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a weblog site? I had been a little bit familiar of this your broadcast provided bright transparent idea.
We will have a link trade arrangement between us. I do not even understand how I stopped up right here, however I thought this publish was once great. Spot on with this write-up, I actually think this site needs a great deal more attention. Hi there, I want to subscribe for this web site to take most recent updates, so where can i do it please assist.
After I originally left a comment I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I receive four emails with the exact same comment. Perhaps there is an easy method you can remove me from that service? Why visitors still use to read news papers when in this technological globe the whole thing is accessible on web?
Magnificent web site. Lots of helpful information here. Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your webpage? My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my users would certainly benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this alright with you.
First of all I want to say awesome blog! I was curious to find out how you center yourself and clear your head before writing. I have had a difficult time clearing my thoughts in getting my ideas out there. I truly do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes are generally lost just trying to figure out how to begin.
Any recommendations or tips? If you wish for to improve your know-how just keep visiting this website and be updated with the newest news posted here. This site was… how do I say it?
Many thanks! I always emailed this blog post page to all my friends, for the reason that if like to read it next my friends will too. Hello my loved one! I want to say that this article is awesome, great written and come with approximately all important infos. Beide producten worden gebruikt voor de behandeling van erectiestoornissen. Dit rapport gaat over een trendanalyse van deze vervalsingen over de jaren — De consument is echter bij geen van deze producten zeker van de farmacologische of toxicologische veiligheid.
Echter, een groot gezondheidsrisico vormt het toenemende gebruik van krachtig werkzame stoffen, mengsels daarvan en het groeiend aantal werkzame stoffen in vervalste kruiden waarvan de veiligheid nooit is onderzocht analoga.
Dit zijn de resultaten van een trendanalyse gebaseerd op illegale erectiemiddelen onderzocht door het RIVM, het Nederlands Forensisch Instituut en het Douane Laboratorium. The tablets supplied right here come with probably the most inexpensive value tags when in comparison with the price of different top quality generic medication that can be found on-line in addition to offline.
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all people you actually recognize what you are talking about! We can have a hyperlink exchange contract between us. It sort of feels too complicated and extremely huge for me. Paragraph writing is also a excitement, if you be familiar with afterward you can write if not it is difficult to write. Your mode of describing all in this post is truly fastidious, all be able to effortlessly know it, Thanks a lot. Do you have any recommendations for first-time blog writers?
I really hope to check out the same high-grade content from you later on as well. Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the images on this blog loading? These are actually great ideas in about blogging. You have touched some pleasant factors here. Any way keep up wrinting. I am extremely inspired together with your writing talents as well as with the format in your blog.
Is that this a paid subject matter or did you modify it yourself? Anyway stay up the nice high quality writing, it is rare to look a nice blog like this one these days.. I do agree with all the concepts you have offered for your post. They are very convincing and can definitely work. Still, the posts are too brief for novices. Could you please extend them a little from subsequent time?
Hi, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
Other then that, very good blog! My family always say that I am wasting my time here at web, but I know I am getting experience daily by reading thes pleasant articles. You most certainly know how to keep a reader entertained. Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? If you know of any please share. Rewriting Editing and much more. Fine way of describing, and pleasant post to obtain facts on the topic of my presentation focus, which i am going to deliver in university.
If you wish for to get a good deal from this article then you have to apply such methods to your won website. I was suggested this blog via my cousin. You are wonderful!
Very useful advice in this particular post! It is the little changes which will make the most important changes. Many thanks for sharing! That is a great tip especially to those fresh to the blogosphere. Brief but very precise info… Thanks for sharing this one.
This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established blog. Is it difficult to set up your own blog? With thanks. Appreciating the hard work you put into your website and detailed information you present. Excellent read! I just like the valuable info you supply in your articles. Best of luck for the following! For the reason that the admin of this site is working, no uncertainty very soon it will be renowned, due to its quality contents.
I discovered your weblog the usage of msn. This is a really neatly written article. Thank you for the post. I will certainly comeback. Is this a paid topic or did you customize it your self? Would you offer guest writers to write content for you? Again, awesome weblog! I have learn this put up and if I may just I desire to counsel you few interesting things or advice.
Maybe you could write next articles relating to this article. I wish to read more things about it! Hi there to all, how is the whole thing, I think every one is getting more from this web site, and your views are good designed for new users. I must spend some time finding out much more or figuring out more. Thank you for great information I was on the lookout for this info for my mission.
I really appreciate people like you! Fantastic work! Hi there to all, how is all, I think every one is getting more from this web page, and your views are nice in favor of new viewers. You could certainly see your expertise within the work you write.
At all times go after your heart. I think that what you said was very reasonable. However, consider this, suppose you added a little content? In my opinion, it would bring your website a little bit more interesting. Thanks for another fantastic post. The place else may anyone get that type of info in such a perfect means of writing? I have a presentation subsequent week, and I am at the search for such information. Hello very nice blog!!
I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also? I like the valuable info you provide for your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and take a look at once more here frequently. Best of luck for the next! Does your blog have a contact page? Either way, great blog and I look forward to seeing it grow over time. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the net the simplest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while people consider worries that they plainly do not know about.
You managed to hit the nail upon the top and also defined out the whole thing without having side-effects , people could take a signal. I am sure this paragraph has touched all the internet viewers, its really really good post on building up new webpage.
Many thanks!! Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or two pictures. Fastidious answer back in return of this issue with solid arguments and describing everything about that. Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, very nice post. This article will help the internet users for building up new web site or even a weblog from start to end. Is that this a paid subject or did you modify it your self? Appreciation to my father who shared with me on the topic of this webpage, this blog is actually awesome.
The other day, while I was at work, my cousin stole my apple ipad and tested to see if it can survive a 30 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with someone! Hello, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. I enjoy what you guys are usually up too.
This sort of clever work and reporting! People usually really feel that they have superb causes to keep depression symptoms personal. For some solutions on what drills to try, keep studying. Reading all kinds of courting books is my passion, even these not specifically written for males, as a result of I can perceive human psychology higher. I remember a play set the place the slide ended right in front of the swings.
Good day very cool blog!! Everyone loves what you guys tend to be up too. I really like reading an article that can make people think. Also, many thanks for permitting me to comment! Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and everything. Your content is excellent but with images and video clips, this site could certainly be one of the best in its niche.
Very good blog! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Carry on the superb work! Greetings from Idaho! Anyways, very good blog! Perhaps you can write next articles regarding this article. I desire to read even more things about it!
I did however expertise a few technical points using this site, since I experienced to reload the web site many times previous to I could get it to load correctly. Anyway I am adding this RSS to my email and can look out for much more of your respective interesting content. Ensure that you update this again soon.
Agen Slot Deposit Linkaja Syah ialah permainan slot yang tengah banyak dicari oleh banyaknya penjudi dari Indonesia. Mempersiapkan bermacam macam perundingan juga lho. Antara lain memakai deposit manfaatkan Linkaja. Salah satu strategi teristimewa buat melakukan perundingan judi online seperti permainan slot. Dewataslot lantas telah mempersiapkan sejumlah ratus ragam permainan slot online Sakuku yang disediakan langsung oleh developer khususnya dunia.
I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you could be a great author. I will remember to bookmark your blog and definitely will come back sometime soon. I want to encourage yourself to continue your great writing, have a nice weekend! Hi, I do believe this is an excellent site. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others. I blog quite often and I really thank you for your content.
This article has really peaked my interest. Hey, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. Other then that, superb blog! Great web site. A lot of useful info here. I am sending it to several pals ans also sharing in delicious.
And naturally, thank you in your effort! Thank you for sharing your info. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your further write ups thanks once again.
To use it, you will first have to download and install it, and purchase hosting with a WordPress set up separately. Here is the checklist of advantages of this awesome plugin. The users can regulate the booking services. The users can easily add, edit, and delete the menu gadgets. And we did. The whole look of your web site is magnificent, let alone the content!
It is actually a nice and helpful piece of information. Please keep us up to date like this. Wow, amazing blog layout! The overall look of your web site is excellent, as well as the content! With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any issues of plagorism or copyright violation? Do you know any methods to help protect against content from being stolen?
Fastidious replies in return of this question with real arguments and describing everything regarding that. Have you ever thought about writing an ebook or guest authoring on other sites? I know my subscribers would appreciate your work.
There is definately a great deal to learn about this subject. I really like all of the points you have made. I know this is kind of off-topic however I had to ask. Does operating a well-established website such as yours take a lot of work? I am brand new to writing a blog but I do write in my journal every day. Please let me know if you have any ideas or tips for new aspiring blog owners. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never understand.
It seems too complicated and very broad for me. Does one offer guest writers to write content available for you? Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a blog article or vice-versa?
My website addresses a lot of the same subjects as yours and I believe we could greatly benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you!
Wonderful blog by the way! Hi, Neat post. IE still is the market chief and a huge section of other people will omit your magnificent writing due to this problem. I am not sure where you are getting your info, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for great info I was looking for this information for my mission. Heya i am for the first time here. I hope to give something back and aid others like you aided me. Nice blog here! Also your website loads up very fast!
I wish my web site loaded up as fast as yours lol. Perhaps you could write next articles referring to this article. Exploring in Yahoo I finally stumbled upon this site. I such a lot indubitably will make certain to do not overlook this site and provides it a look regularly. I want to say that this article is awesome, great written and include approximately all vital infos. I would like to see more posts like this.
I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for magnificent info I was looking for this info for my mission.
Fastidious answer back in return of this question with solid arguments and explaining the whole thing concerning that. You have made some really good points there. I checked on the net to find out more about the issue and found most individuals will go along with your views on this site. Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Is there anybody getting identical RSS problems? Anyone that knows the solution can you kindly respond?
If some one wishes to be updated with most up-to-date technologies afterward he must be visit this website and be up to date everyday. I am trying to find things to improve my site! Your site offered us with helpful information to work on. You have performed a formidable task and our whole neighborhood will likely be grateful to you. Great web site you have here.. I seriously appreciate people like you! Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how a lot effort you place to make this kind of excellent informative site.
This article is actually a pleasant one it helps new net people, who are wishing for blogging. I savor, cause I found just what I used to be having a look for. After looking at a handful of the blog posts on your website, I seriously appreciate your technique of writing a blog.
I saved as a favorite it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back in the near future. Please check out my web site too and tell me your opinion. Its such as you read my thoughts! You appear to know a lot approximately this, like you wrote the guide in it or something. I believe that you just could do with a few percent to force the message house a little bit, but other than that, this is fantastic blog.
A great read. This paragraph provides clear idea for the new people of blogging, that in fact how to do running a blog. Have you ever considered publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other blogs? I know my readers would value your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to send me an email.
Very useful advice within this article! Hi to every one, the contents existing at this web site are actually remarkable for people knowledge, well, keep up the nice work fellows. Amazing article dude! Is there anybody getting similar RSS issues? This is my first visit to your blog! We are a group of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a community in the same niche.
Your blog provided us valuable information to work on. You have done a marvellous job! Good day! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established blog. Is it difficult to set up your own blog? Do you have any ideas or suggestions? Appreciate it. Fantastic blog you have here but I was curious if you knew of any forums that cover the same topics discussed in this article? Your means of telling all in this article is really fastidious, every one be capable of effortlessly be aware of it, Thanks a lot.
What a stuff of un-ambiguity and preserveness of precious knowledge concerning unpredicted emotions. Simply desire to say your article is as surprising. The clearness in your post is simply nice and i can assume you are an expert on this subject. Fine with your permission let me to grab your RSS feed to keep up to date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the rewarding work.
Your story-telling style is awesome, keep up the good work! Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? Any recommendations? Do you use Twitter? Keep up the great work! You recognize, a lot of persons are searching round for this information, you can help them greatly. I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. Thanks for every other excellent post.
The place else may just anybody get that kind of info in such an ideal way of writing? You have some really good posts and I believe I would be a good asset. Please shoot me an email if interested. Greetings, I think your blog could be having internet browser compatibility problems.
Whenever I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening in I. I just wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that, fantastic website!
This paragraph presents clear idea in support of the new visitors of blogging, that truly how to do blogging. I wish to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include approximately all vital infos. Hi there, after reading this remarkable piece of writing i am too glad to share my know-how here with mates.
I have just forwarded this onto a coworker who had been doing a little research on this. And he in fact bought me lunch because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. But yeah, thanks for spending the time to discuss this issue here on your blog. I have read this post and if I could I desire to suggest you some interesting things or advice. I wish to read even more things about it!
I was wondering if you ever considered changing the structure of your blog? Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or two images.
Greetings, I think your blog could possibly be having browser compatibility problems. Whenever I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in I. I simply wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Other than that, great blog! This is the perfect site for anybody who wants to find out about this topic.
You understand a whole lot its almost hard to argue with you not that I personally would want to…HaHa. You certainly put a brand new spin on a subject that has been written about for a long time. Wonderful stuff, just excellent! Anyway, should you have any suggestions or tips for new blog owners please share. I know this is off subject nevertheless I just had to ask. Asking questions are genuinely good thing if you are not understanding something fully, however this paragraph offers good understanding yet.
The site loading speed is amazing. It kind of feels that you are doing any unique trick. In addition, The contents are masterwork. It carries good stuff. IE still is the marketplace chief and a good section of other people will omit your fantastic writing due to this problem. Please let me know. Thank you. Still, the posts are very short for newbies. May you please lengthen them a little from next time? Thanks for the post. Hi, I do think this is a great site. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people.
This article will help the internet viewers for creating new weblog or even a blog from start to end. Spot on with this write-up, I actually believe this amazing site needs a lot more attention. We stumbled over here by a different web page and thought I might check things out. I like the helpful info you provide for your articles. Hi, I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it ; I will revisit yet again since i have book marked it.
Money and freedom is the best way to change, may you be rich and continue to help other people. Greetings from Colorado! Anyhow, amazing site! My developer is trying to persuade me to move to. I have heard very good things about blogengine. Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress posts into it?
Any kind of help would be greatly appreciated! Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it is really informative. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My site looks weird when browsing from my iphone4. If you have any suggestions, please share.
Hi Dear, are you genuinely visiting this site daily, if so afterward you will definitely obtain good knowledge. At this time I am going away to do my breakfast, later than having my breakfast coming again to read additional news. Admiring the time and energy you put into your site and detailed information you offer. Wonderful read! I know this website provides quality depending articles and extra information, is there any other site which provides these information in quality?
Hi are using WordPress for your site platform? Do you require any coding knowledge to make your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated! Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Does your site have a contact page? Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it grow over time. My coder is trying to convince me to move to. They are really convincing and can definitely work.
Nonetheless, the posts are very short for beginners. Could you please extend them a little from subsequent time? Wow that was unusual. Anyhow, just wanted to say wonderful blog!
Your favourite justification appeared to be at the web the simplest factor to take note of. I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while folks think about worries that they plainly do not know about. You controlled to hit the nail upon the highest as neatly as outlined out the entire thing with no need side-effects , other folks can take a signal.
My site looks weird when browsing from my iphone 4. If you have any recommendations, please share. Look complicated to more delivered agreeable from you! However, how could we keep up a correspondence? Remarkable issues here. I am very glad to look your article. Thank you a lot and I am having a look ahead to contact you.
Will you please drop me a mail? Is there a way I can transfer all my wordpress content into it? The issue is something that not enough people are speaking intelligently about. Thanks for the marvelous posting! I certainly enjoyed reading it, you could be a great author. I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and may come back from now on.
I want to encourage one to continue your great posts, have a nice morning! I would like to apprentice while you amend your web site, how can i subscribe for a blog web site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided bright clear concept.
Hello, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, amazing blog! I pay a visit daily some web pages and sites to read content, except this web site offers quality based content. I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website?
I am genuinely glad to read this website posts which carries plenty of useful facts, thanks for providing such information. Your way of explaining everything in this paragraph is in fact nice, every one can easily know it, Thanks a lot. You must continue your writing. When I look at your website in Chrome, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
Hi there i am kavin, its my first time to commenting anyplace, when i read this piece of writing i thought i could also create comment due to this brilliant article. Its like you read my mind! You seem to know a lot approximately this, like you wrote the guide in it or something. I believe that you just could do with a few percent to power the message house a bit, but other than that, that is magnificent blog.
An excellent read. We could have a link alternate arrangement among us. I was checking constantly this weblog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specifically the closing part : I deal with such information much.
I used to be seeking this certain info for a long time. Thank you and good luck. Excellent way of describing, and good piece of writing to obtain facts on the topic of my presentation subject matter, which i am going to deliver in college. Hi Dear, are you actually visiting this website daily, if so after that you will without doubt take pleasant know-how. I require an expert in this space to resolve my problem.
Having a look forward to peer you. Thank you for sharing your thoughts. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your further post thank you once again. Unquestionably believe that that you stated. Your favorite reason seemed to be on the net the simplest thing to consider of. I say to you, I certainly get irked while folks consider concerns that they plainly do not understand about.
You controlled to hit the nail upon the highest and outlined out the entire thing with no need side-effects , folks could take a signal. Your mode of describing everything in this piece of writing is actually good, every one be able to easily understand it,Thanks a lot. Thanks in support of sharing such a fastidious idea, post is nice, thats why i have read it completely. Howdy are using WordPress for your blog platform?
Do you need any coding knowledge to make your own blog? It was inspiring. Keep on posting! Excellent web site you have here.. I really appreciate people like you! I quite like looking through a post that will make men and women think.
Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! However, howcan we communicate? Hello to all, the contents present at this web site are in fact amazing for people knowledge, well, keep up the nice work fellows.
An intriguing discussion is definitely worth comment. Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You definitely know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
Right now it sounds like Expression Engine is the preferred blogging platform out there right now. I understand this is somewhat off-topic but I had to ask.
Does operating a well-established blog such as yours take a massive amount work? Please let me know if you have any kind of suggestions or tips for brand new aspiring bloggers. The web site loading pace is incredible.
Whats up very cool website!! I will bookmark your website and take the feeds also? I actually like what you have acquired here, certainly like what you are stating and the way in which you say it.
You make it entertaining and you still care for to keep it sensible. Would you mind if I share your blog with my myspace group? My family always say that I am wasting my time here at net, however I know I am getting know-how daily by reading such nice content. I want to to thank you for this great read!! I definitely loved every bit of it.
I take pleasure in studying a put up that may make individuals think. Also, thanks for permitting me to comment! Thanks for your marvelous posting! I will always bookmark your blog and will often comeback later on. I want to encourage you to definitely continue yourgreat job, have a nice afternoon! I wanted to thank you for this fantastic read!! I absolutely loved every bit of it. Enjoyed reading this, very good stuff, regards.
Usage CC0 1. Zoom is wonderful. Free download. Schedule meetings without the hassle. By default, the setting will be set to Auto.
Up to 50x zoom! No spyglass needed! Zoom in and out with the mouse wheel! No wobbly camera nonsense! These mods allow players to access Splix. Make sure that you choose 'Zoom Client for Meetings' from the list of options. Hire a freelancer in minutes. Zoom Support. The popular Minecraft game in a version for your phone.
However you can be sure that these Splix. Amazon Prime Video. Pros: Store music, video, and image files online. Keep in mind that they are not the original servers but Splix. Now search for the app which you wish to install.
High-speed downloading via HappyMod. Fast Download. Download the APK Editor app. Before a Zoom meeting. This is to inform you of a change in the specs for the battery life of the F6, P8, and P4. More than downloads this month. WhatsApp is free and offers simple, secure, reliable messaging and calling, available on phones all over the world. Start injection Minecraft - Pocket Edition 0.
Step 6: Here change the Install Location to any other option whichever applicable for your device. Best Android Games of the world are here. Make professional video calls for this app wherever you are. Zoom provides a pop-up notification when there is a new mandatory or optional update within 24 hours of logging in. Press z to zoom in, x to zoom out. Download the latest gspace apk on our website. Zoom is the leader in modern enterprise video communications, with an easy, reliable cloud platform for video and audio conferencing, chat, and webinars across mobile, desktop, and room systems.
To find this APK file, go to the file manager. Menu, God mode, Hack jump, fly. While using the application, you also have a chance to generate as many coins as you want. We regularly update and add new apps. Some are very technical. There are also options to chat, make video calls, or audio calls.
Please note, the only game that will play full screen is Eagle Eye. APK Bucket is amongst the best APK sites which is not just a platform to download the given apk files on the site but it is much more than that. Moreover, it is also an excellent tool for teachers as it allows them to share their screens, files, and videos with students without having to spend any money and time on setting up equipment or managing bandwidth limitations. Step 5. Your Account Can Be Hack.
It also makes working with an app easier because of the project like file structure and automation of some repetitive tasks like building apk, etc.
Mod apk hasn't originally signed by the original developers of app. It can decode resources to nearly original form and rebuild them after making some modifications. If you want to deny, just click your creep. It is a program aimed at productivity in the workspace although it is suitable for use in the home environment.
So, for viewing the contents of an APK file, all you have to do is rename its extension to. After the settings window opens click on the "Audio" tab. Hackers are seeing opportunities to attack as users dabble in the platform's new interface and functions.
Download Zoom Effect: Zoom Zoom is a free HD meeting app with video and screen sharing for up to people and many other apps. Facetime Video Calling. Open the flash drive and after finding the. British DJ and broadcaster Nick Luscombe draws upon a diverse knowledge and experience to create a varied fusion of audio atmospheres for his radio and podcast projects from Tokyo.
Add Designs to Characters. Download free Android games today! Apkdone is the 1 place for the newest and best Android game Mods. A free-to-play, immersive multiplayer 3D gaming app.
Zoom is the best app and choice of doing online school it really just helps a lot! You can do loads of things! To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Hacking involves a variety of specialized skills. Real-time captions. Stay connected wherever you go — start or join a person meeting with crystal-clear, face-to-face video, high quality screen sharing, and instant messaging — for free!
Injection required! Tap Start Injection below to begin the process. TJ McCue. Insert the Flash Drive into your laptop or computer and copy the file into it.
Editor's word: Improve your mental health by tracking panic attacks, stress, and anxiety levels. Zoom Escaper is a simple tool to help you escape Zoom meetings and other videoconferencing scenarios. Step 1. Version 8. Download APK. Find professionals for any project. Uses less data - be more efficient with your mobile data. Play with pleasure! Ternyata memang benar ada banyak sekali apk untuk hack akun FF hanya dengan salin ID, tapi tentu saja tidak semuanya bisa digunakan, apalagi Garena selaku developer dari game Free Fire terus melakukan update keamanan sehingga tidak mudah di susupi.
This lets you and your health care professional make better-informed therapy decisions about meals, exercise and other activities that can help improve your glycemic control.
Plume is a beautiful and completely customizable Twitter app that will revolutionize the way you use Twitter! Brought to you by the authors of the popular Beautiful Widgets, Plume is one of the best Twitter clients for Android!
Tokoh-tokoh teras PP seperti Abikoesno, M. Kondisi memuncak dengan diculiknya Sjahrir pada tanggal 27 Juni yang membuat Soekarno mengumumkan negara dalam keadaan bahaya dan menuntut pembebasan Sjahrir segera. Tuntutan dikabulkan para penculik, Sjahrir kemudian dibebaskan. Berdasar peristiwa inilah dakwaan terhadap Tan Malaka kemudian disusun. Tan Malaka diduga terlibat dalam penculikan Perdana Menteri Sjahrir. Ia kemudian dipenjarakan tanpa proses peradilan dan bukti-bukti yang jelas selama 2,5 tahun.
Pemenjaraan Tan Malaka ini kemudian memudahkan proses perundingan antara pemerintah Indonesia dengan Belanda. Berbagai perundingan kemudian melenggang mulus. Tan Malaka yang sudah dicap Trotskyist oleh PKI, simbol penghianat di tubuh komunis, ini ditengarai akan mampu menjadi pemecah kubu revolusioner.
Tan Malaka sendiri tak mau menanggapi hal ini dikarenakan Agresi Militer Belanda jilid 2 juga sudah di hadapan mata. Di dalam negeri sedang terjadi perpecahan akibat pemberontakan-pemberontakan sementara dari luar Belanda juga merongrong tanah air. Tan Malaka lebih mementingkan membela proklamasi ketimbang terlibat dalam konflik internal PKI; partai yang tak lagi ia berada di dalamnya Cap Trotskyis, simbol penghianat, akhirnya melekat padanya setelah peristiwa ini. Di sana ia gencar melancarkan agitasi bahwa dengan ditahannya Soekarno-Hatta-Sjahrir itu menandakan kekosongan pemimpin republik.
Ia kemudian memproklamirkan dirinya sebagai pemimpin revolusi Indonesia. Berbekal testamen yang ia miliki itu, Tan Malaka mulai menyusun kekuatan bersama rakyat untuk melawan Agresi.
Sejarah kemudian ternyata berkata lain, Tan Malaka justru terbunuh oleh bangsanya sendiri. Harry Poeze18, sejarawan Belanda yang sudah tigapuluh tahun meneliti Tan Malaka19, menuturkan bahwa Tan Malaka ditembak mati di Selopanggung pada 21 Februari Perpecahan di kubu TNI saat itu yang masih pro kepada Soekarno yang dianggap pengecut oleh Tan Malaka dan yang pro Tan Malaka meruncing akibat agitasi keras yang disiarkan melalui radio dan pamflet.
Dua karya ini merupakan karya terlengkap di dunia mengenai seluruh hidup dan kematian Tan Malaka. Hingga hari ini keputusan itu tak pernah dicabut oleh pemerintah. Pernyataan ini tentu akan mengundang perdebatan terutama mengenai pemakaian kata Indonesia yang ditawarkan sebagai sebuah nama negara baru. Seberapa pantaskah Tan Malaka menyandang prediket itu? Tentu akan 21 Lihat Taufiq Ismail. Horison Esai Indonesia kitab satu. Metodologi apa yang ia rasa mesti dipraktikkan di negeri yang sangat terpengaruh kepada tahayul ini supaya bisa terlepas dari penindasan yang berlarut-larut?
Pembahasan setelah ini akan memfokuskan bagaimana pemikiran Marxisme yang dipakai Tan Malaka dalam praktiknya dan Madilog sebagai cara berpikir untuk membawa bangsanya keluar dari praktik kolonialisme, imperialisme dan orientalisme. Madilog: Sintesis Falsafah Minang dan Filsafat Marxisme Sebagai seorang perantau yang cerdas, Tan Malaka muda 16 tahun mendapatkan kesempatan untuk melanjutkan studinya ke sekolah pelatihan guru Rijkskweekschool di Belanda Suasana Eropa yang dinamis membuat Tan Malaka semangat dalam menempuh studinya.
Ia mulai berkenalan dengan buku-buku filsafat yang kelak akan mempengaruhi pola pikirnya. Buku-buku sejarah mengenai Revolusi Perancis dan Amerika menjadi favoritnya kala itu. Tak hanya bergaul dan membaca, Tan Malaka akhirnya mulai menuliskan keresahannya dalam berbagai bentuk tulisan. Dalam perantauan, dalam pengasingan dan dalam pelariannya ia terus menulis. Dalam sehat dan sakitnya pun ia tak pernah berhenti menulis. Sejarah berhasil mencatat 30 judul karangan yang ia tulis dimulai dari Parlemen atau Soviet hingga Proklamasi , Isi dan Pelaksanaannya Kritikan politik yang pedas, keinginan yang kuat untuk memerdekakan bangsanya, pentingnya pendidikan kerakyatan, serta visi yang jauh ke depan yang terkadang melewati jamannya futuristik menjadi ciri khas gagasan filosofis yang tersebar dari berbagai tulisan Tan Malaka.
Iklim kebudayaan Minangkabau dan filsafat Marxisme sangat besar pengaruhnya dalam perkembangan filsafat Tan Malaka. Gagasan Tan Malaka adalah proses dari alam Minangkabau melalui perjalanan panjang merantau dengan segala dinamika dan konflik baik personal maupun sosial, politik, ekonomi serta budaya yang menyatu dalam satu personifikasi; seorang penggagas dan pejuang Iklim merantau dalam pencarian jati diri pemuda Minang dan kemauan untuk maju melalui pendidikan Eropa telah memupuk pendewasaan diri Tan Malaka.
Maka, di sini Tan Malaka yang tumbuh dari suasana egaliter budaya Minang dan pengaruh Islam yang kuat seakan menjadi penyeimbang terhadap pemikiran Marxisme yang ia dapat di Eropa. Kekayaan akan ragamnya pemahaman inilah yang kemudian terus menerus ia praktikkan dalam berbagai kesempatan. Madilog26 bagi Tan Malaka adalah cara berpikir yang berlandaskan pada Materialisme, Dialektika dan Logika untuk mencari bukti di dalam kenyataan alamiah secara rasional dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara ilmiah.
Madilog adalah cara berpikir ilmiah yang bukan secara kaji atau hapalan, dogmatis ataupun doktriner. Lebih jauh, Tan Malaka mencoba membangun metode berpikir masyarakat melalui kerangka Marxisme.
Madilog27 layaknya imbauan seorang guru bangsa kepada bangsanya untuk keluar dari kegelapan irasionalitas dan masuk ke dalam terangnya rasionalitas modern. Tan Malaka terobsesi untuk membebaskan bangsanya dari keterbelakangan yang baginya berasal dari logika mistika yang mesti diganti dengan pola berpikir Madilog; pola pikir yang berlandaskan pada ilmu pengetahuan.
Di Eropa, sebenarnya, pada masa pra-Abad Pencerahan sudah terjadi pertentangan sengit antara ilmu pengetahuan sains dan agama dogma. Bahkan jauh sebelumnya pertentangan antara idealisme dengan materialisme telah lebih dulu membelah filsafat menjadi dua pasangan biner yang terus mencipta perdebatan hari ini. Karl Marx, filsuf yang paling mempengaruhi pemikiran Tan Malaka, sendiri dipengaruhi oleh filsafat materialisme-dialektika yang 26 Lihat Hary Prabowo, Perspektif Marxisme.
Selanjutnya akan dibahas terlebih dahulu bagaimana pengaruh Hegel dan Feurbach terhadap pemikiran Karl Marx dan bagaimana kemudian pemikiran Karl Marx lantas mempengaruhi Tan Malaka. Dialektika dalam bahasa Latin diartikan sebagai suatu investigasi kebenaran melalui diskusi. Bagi Hegel28 dialektika merupakan konsepsi penyangkalan dan pembenaran dalam semacam relasi yang bersifat negasi-dialektik tesis-antitesis- sintesis.
Dalam dialektika, dunia tersusun dari proses, hubungan, dinamika, konflik dan kontradiksi. Ekonomi sebagai infrastruktur, yang kemudian menjadi korpus penelitian Marx, akhirnya dianggap sebagai bagian dari dialektika materialis; dialektika dalam hubungannya dengan dunia material.
Perubahan dari feodalisme ke borjuasi akibat semaraknya praktik kapitalisme kemudian menjadi titik tolak Marxisme.
Kontradiksi produksi inilah yang semakin memperkaya si kaya dan semakin memiskinkan si miskin. Lalu dengan adanya politik dan instrumen operasional lain akan tercipta masyarakat baru; masyarakat yang dikendalikan oleh kelas tak berpunya sosialisme hingga tercipta masyarakat tanpa kelas komunisme. Sosialisme dapat diartikan sebagai jalan menuju komunisme. Jadi pencipta sejarah, bagi Marx, adalah massa kelas pekerja bukan bangsawan. Marx dengan demikian menentang konsepsi materialisme Feuerbach yang dianggap ahistoris.
Tan Malaka: Teori dan Praksis Menuju Republik, ; 31 Minangkabau memiliki konsep sosialisme yang unik di mana proses dan alat produksi dikuasai oleh kaum dan hasil dari produksi dinikmati oleh kaum itu sendiri. Inilah praktik komunisme ala Minangkabau bagi Tan Malaka dan ia melihat sisi ideal komunisme justru ada di Minangkabau itu sendiri karena segala hal teoritis di dalam komunisme adalah bentuk perwujudan praktik empiris di Minangkabau.
Ia meninggalkan hidupnya yang mapan sebagai tenaga guru bergaji sama dengan pengajar Eropa di Deli, Sumatera Utara untuk membaktikan seluruh hidupnya kepada keinginan yang lebih besar yaitu kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kegiatan produksi, dalam pengertian sejarah Marx, adalah akar dari masyarakat. Produksi kehidupan material adalah syarat dasar dari semua sejarah yang harus dipenuhi guna menupang kehidupan manusia.
Konsepsi kelas lahir dari pembagian produksi dalam masyarakat ini. Hubungan antar kelas ekonomi dan kekuasaan politik kemudian bertalian erat di sini. Inilah kemudian yang menjadi perhatian utama dalam Marxisme.
Marx33 percaya bahwa manusia secara alamiah adalah mahluk sosial dan dalam produktivitas mereka membutuhkan manusia lain oleh karena itu mereka menciptakan struktur tertentu. Proses alamiah ini pun kemudian dihancurkan oleh struktur yang justru diciptakan manusia itu sendiri. Penghancuran ini, bagi Marx, terjadi paling parah di dalam struktur masyarakat kapitalis. Dalam artian, penghancuran proses produktif alamiah mencapai titik puncaknya dalam kapitalisme. Untuk menguraikan bagaimana pengaruh Marxisme terhadap pemikiran Tan Malaka sungguhlah tidak mudah mengingat kompleksitas pemikiran Marxisme itu sendiri.
Beragam modifikasi dan negasi terhadap Marxisme sudah banyak bermunculan dari berbagai kajian ilmiah Bahkan Madilog yang cukup tebal itu, halaman, juga bukan sebuah buku yang mudah untuk dimamah. Butuh kesabaran dan kemauan yang kuat untuk bisa memahami Madilog. Ini akan dijabarkan dari dua poin pemikiran Tan Malaka demi membumikan Madilog dalam ranah Indonesia.
Sebuah metode yang lahir dari pertarungan idealisme dan materialisme. Madilog akhirnya menjadi solusi yang didapat dari serangkaian proses berpikir dan bertindak secara materialistis, dialektis dan logis dalam mewujudkan tujuan yang sistematis dan struktural. Kedua, falsafah alam Minangkabau yang dinamis, egaliter dan logis serta pemahaman Islam yang rasional menjadikan Madilog sebagai karya yang kaya dan seimbang akan pencampuran rasionalitas keilmuan Timur dan Barat.
Pertentangan inilah yang kemudian menjadi orisinalitas Tan Malaka. Dalam karir internasionalnya, pernah Tan Malaka berjalan 40 hari menuju Moskow37 tahun untuk menegaskan pentingnya Pan-Islamisme dalam melawan imperialisme. Yang dimaksud Logika Mistika adalah logika yang didasarkan kepada logika sim salabim. Keyakinan yang mempercayai bahwa rohani yang menentukan kondisi alam materi di dunia ini. Karena itu manusia bergantung kepada kekuatan gaib untuk hidup di alam material ini.
Lihat Eko P Darmawan. Menurut Tan Malaka, Pan-Islamisme merupakan perjuangan seluruh bangsa terjajah untuk merebut kemerdekaan. Bahkan Tan Malaka terang-terangan meminta Komintern untuk mendukung gerakan kemerdekaan negara terjajah di Asia. Statemen inilah yang menegaskan pendiriannya bahwa agama itu bersifat personal ketimbang kecendrungan kaum materialisme yang kemudian meniadakan Tuhan.
Kritik Tan Malaka terhadap Moskow ini kelak membuatnya tak lagi menjadi bagian dari Komintern, dia malah jadi buronan Komintern itu sendiri. Namun apa yang menjadi terpenting dari peristiwa ini adalah bagaimana kemudian wacana kolonialisme menjadi sesuatu yang menjadi pembicaraan alot di Eropa di kemudian hari Revolusi Rusia yang berhasil digawangi oleh Lenin telah membangunkan kesadaran politik Tan Malaka terhadap hubungan kapitalisme dengan kolonialisme dan imperialisme.
Di satu sisi, kebutuhan akan keberlanjutan produksi kapitalisme dan industri Eropa telah dibuka seluas- luasnya dengan adanya peluang praktik kolonialisme di Asia dan Afrika Di sisi lain, kolonialisme adalah bidan yang membantu kelahiran kapitalisme Eropa atau bahwa tanpa ekspansi kolonial maka transisi menuju kapitalisme tak akan terjadi di Eropa. Apa yang terjadi di Asia dan Afrika adalah imbas dari pergerakan revolusi industri itu sendiri. Tan Malaka mulai sadar akan hubungan dikotomis yang jauh lebih kompleks antara Barat dan Timur; Dunia Pertama dan Dunia Ketiga; bangsa penjajah dan bangsa terjajah.
Kolonialisme42 itu sendiri dapat dipacu oleh beberapa hal, seperti a pengaruh langsung hasil-hasil pendidikan dan pengajaran yang diperoleh sepanjang jaman Renaissance, b akibat langsung penemuan ilmu pengetahuan modern, c persaingan ketat ekonomi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan akan SDA dan SDM, d minat penemuan wilayah baru yang semakin meningkat dan e pengaruh dari pecahnya agama Kristen; Katolik dan Protestan.
Kesadaran akan pengertian ini membuat Tan Malaka sadar akan arti pentingnya kemerdekaan. Ia kemudian membangun pemikirannya akan nasionalisme. Kolonialisme akhirnya menjadi faktor utama bangkitnya nasionalisme pada bangsa-bangsa terjajah. Uang ini tak bisa diinvestasikan dengan hanya menguntungkan di dalam negeri saja di mana buruhnya terbatas.
Koloni-koloni tanah jajahan tidak memiliki modal, tetapi memiliki banyak sekali sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia buruh. Karena itu negara industri mesti menundukkan negara non-industri untuk maksud mempertahankan dirinya sendiri.
Lenin meramalkan bahwa suatu hari keseluruhan dunia akan diserap oleh para kapitalis keuangan Eropa. Berdasarkan definisi Lenin inilah didapat pemahaman bahwa kapitalisme adalah aspek yang membedakan kolonialisme dengan imperialisme.
Loomba44 kemudian membagi dua kolonialisme; lama dan modern. Kolonialisme lama menguasai daerah yang ada di sekitarnya sesuai dengan kemampuan transportasi dan komunikasi saat itu. Upeti dan harta dipungut secara langsung. Sementara pada kolonialisme modern tak lagi lintas negara tapi sudah lintas benua.
Pada tahap ini yang dipentingkan adalah perkebunan besar dengan metode Tanam Paksa contohnya, b fase kedua ditandai dengan kepentingan politik dan militer, seperti pada pendirian pabrik-pabrik, kereta api, bank, pelayaran dan ekspedisi militer. Fase pertama dikenal dengan sebutan kolonialisme konservatif sementara fase kedua disebut kolonialisme liberal.
Ekspansi bangsa Barat ke Timur dapat dimengerti sebagai tujuan untuk mencari keuntungan ekonomi , kejayaan kekuasaan dan penyebaran agama Kristen. Tujuan ini lebih dikenal dengan sebutan 3G Gold, Glory, Gospel. Kolonialisme, kapitalisme, imperialisme dan orientalisme akhirnya merupakan paham yang dijadikan alat bagi Barat untuk menguasai Timur. Di tiga istilah awal bentuk paham ini berbentuk praktis, nyata dan langsung. Sementara pada orientalisme bersifat teoritis karena terkait dengan akademisi.
Istilah orientalisme itu sendiri dipergunakan oleh Edward Said45sebagai suatu cara, metode, sebagai suatu ilmu yang dengan sendirinya dilakukan secara sistematis dan diciptakan secara disengaja untuk memahami Timur atas dasar pemahaman Barat.
Jadi orientalisme adalah cara pandang Barat terhadap Timur melalui perspektif Barat. Pandangan bahwa Timur itu inferior, pemalas, irasional sementara Barat itu superior, rajin dan rasional itu diperoleh dan diajarkan melalui institusi pendidikan. Berdasarkan pemahaman di atas dan juga pengaruh perkembangan berbagai teori kritis marxisme, analisis wacana, postrukruralisme mencullah istilah poskolonialisme Satu hal yang menarik jika kita kaitkan dengan Tan Malaka adalah bagaimana di Eropa sendiri pemikiran anti kolonial yang digaungkan oleh Tan Malaka di Komintern telah mempengaruhi sejumlah pemikir Barat itu sendiri.
Bagi Gramsci50, kenapa kapitalisme masih bertahan karena buruh masih menerima keadaan umum dominasi budaya borjuasi. Ia menolak pemahaman bahwa kejatuhan kapitalisme dan munculnya sosialisme akan berlangsung alami tak kan pernah terjadi pengetahuan yang diakibatkan oleh hegemoni, kolonialisme yang berkembang sejak awal peradaban modern.
Keluar dari Moskow, Gramsci kemudian dipenjara oleh rezim fasis di Italia. Di saat itulah konsep utamanya mengenai Hegemoni Negara lahir. Selain konsep hegemoni Gramsci, pemikiran Foucault terutama mengenai relasi kekuasaan dan pengetahuannya juga mengilhami Edward Said terkait dengan konteks atau klaim kebenaran. Jadi tidak mungkin berbicara tentang kebenaran yang mutlak atau tentang pengetahuan yang objektif.
Di sinilah konsep orientalisme hadir. Keterkaitan antara pengetahuan dan praktek kekuasaan kolonialisme sangat berkaitan erat bagi Foucault. Foucault52 membongkar relasi antara kekuasaan, kekuasaan dan pengetahuan yang didukung oleh teknologi dalam praktik pendominasian. Kekuasaan ada di mana saja bagi Foucault, dan kekuasaan tak bisa dipisahkan dari bentuk kontestasi dan perjuangan; selama ada afirmasi kekuasaan di situ ada kemungkinan resistensi.
Pengetahuan itulah perkakasnya Kaum Hartawan menindas kamu. Dengan pengetahuan itulah kelak kamu bisa merebut hakmu dan hak Rakyat. Janganlah kamu sangka, bahwa kamu sudah cukup pandai dan takabur mengira sudah kelebihan kepandaian buat memimpin dan menyelamatkan 55 juta manusia, yang beribu-ribu tahun terhimpit itu.
Insaflah bahwa pengetahuan itu kekuasaan. Ada kalanya kelak dari kamu, Rakyat melarat itu akan menuntut segala macam pengetahuan, seperti dari satu perigi yang tak boleh kering. Praktik dominasi Barat terhadap Timur hanya bisa ditanggulangi ketika pengetahuan sudah seimbang. Bagi Tan Malaka kekalahan Timur terletak dari pemahaman Logika Mistik itu sendiri yang menghalangi tumbuhnya pengetahuan modern; pengetahuan yang menaungi timbulnya praktik kolonialisme.
Dengan menguasai pengetahuan Barat dan mengadopsinya di Timur maka kemerdekaan itu baru bisa tercapai. Fakta dan Fiksi: Pengaruh Pada Sastra dan Seni Jika dibandingkan dengan beberapa tokoh kemerdekaan lainnya, agaknya nama Tan Malaka ini terbilang cukup unik. Bagaimana tidak, pengalaman hidupnya yang telah mengarungi berbagai negara serta pemikirannya yang tergolong radikal saat itu telah mencipta semacam urban- legend di masyarakat.
Matu Mona, nama samaran dari Hasbullah Parindurie, yang kala itu adalah jurnalis di Pewarta Deli menerbitkan cerita bersambung yang kemudian dibukukan; Patjar Merah Indonesia. Buku yang diterbitkan pertama kali oleh Centrale-Courant en Boekhandel, Medan, pada Maret ini menceritakan sepak terjang Tan Malaka yang diperkirakan terjadi antara tahun Adinegoro menunjukkan surat-surat yang dikirimkan Tan Malaka sendiri kepadanya. Surat-surat itu berisikan perihal pengembaraannya dan gagasan-gagasannya mengenai kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Novel ini terbilang cukup sukses menjadikan Tan Malaka sebagai legenda. Bahkan Tan Malaka sendiri membaca novel tersebut, ia bahkan menyempatkan diri untuk bertemu Matu Mona dalam pelariannya di Singapura di tahun Tan Malaka yang kala itu menyamar seperti orang Cina demi bisa bercakap-cakap dengannya telah mencipta semangat tersendiri bagi Matu Mona untuk meneruskan romannya.
Semangatnya itu kemudian membuahkan penahanan atas dirinya pada tahun Tak hanya Matu Mona saja, bahkan kemudian Emnast, nama samaran Muchtar Nasution, dan Yusdja juga menerbitkan roman serupa. Kejadian-kejadian faktuil kemudian menjadi karya fiksi yang turut menginspirasi tumbuhnya rasa kesadaran akan arti pentingnya kemerdekaan. Saya mengharap akan dapat mengakhiri novel itu di sini Filipina- red , tapi karena hal itu tidak mungkin, maka saya akan mengakhirinya di Negeri Cina.
Kesadaran akan kekuatan sastra dan seni tentu sangat dipahami oleh Tan Malaka. Tak hanya di situ, Tan Malaka pun pernah membuat dua buah lakon di Banten56 dimana ia menjadi penulis sekaligus sutradaranya. Tapi masih berupa asumsi belaka, butuh penelitian lebih lanjut. Bahkan jika tidak, Tan Malaka pun sadar bahwa dengan pembuatan novel petualangan dirinya oleh Matu Mona sesungguhnya sudah memantapkan posisinya di ranah sastra.
Penyamaran Terakhir Tan Malaka di Banten Kembali ke zaman sekarang, di penghujung terbit sebuah naskah lakon berjudul Tan Malaka: Sebuah Esei, Sebuah Opera yang ditulis oleh Goenawan Muhammad. Naskah ini ditulis untuk pementasan karya opera komponis Tony Prabowo yang telah dipentaskan di bulan Oktober di Teater Salihara, Jakarta Entah ini ada maksud sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap Tan Malaka sendiri atau ingin sekedar mengulang apa yang pernah Tan Malaka lakukan dulu di Banten bukan menjadi prioritas Yang jelas ada sebuah bentuk alih wahana baru dalam menggali kembali pemikiran Tan Malaka.
Intensitas yang dalam beberapa waktu terakhir, terutama setelah runtuhnya Orba, cukup kentara di Indonesia. Beberapa 57 Lihat Goenawan Muhammad. Tan Malaka dan Dua Lakon Lain. Rekaman Opera Tan Malaka ini kemudian ditayangkan di beberapa stasiun televisi pada bulan Januari namun dilarang untuk tayang di Malang dan Kediri. Dimulai oleh Indra J. Agus Suwage misalnya memakai salah satu potret Tan Malaka kala muda dengan anasir-anasir merah berapi di tepian rambut Tan Malaka.
Beberapa kalimat Tan Malaka dibiarkan menyatu dengan lukisan sehingga mencipta suatu dialektika antara kata dan rupa. Ini sejalan dengan gerakan puisi rupa dalam ranah seni rupa sebagai suatu bentuk hibridisasi seni.
Lukisan ini, bagi Goenawan Muhammad dipenuhi dengan dekonstruksi. Ini semakin meneguhkan konsepsi bahwa Tan Malaka layak untuk disejajarkan dengan pemikir poskolonial lainnya.
Polisi pun membubarkan diskusi yang terjadi setelah pembatalan tersebut demi alasan keamanan. Berbagai pihak menyayangkan peristiwa seperti ini bisa terjadi. Yang menjadi ironi adalah film tersebut didanai oleh Direktorat Jenderal Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang seharusnya dilihat sebagai bentuk rekonsiliasi pemerintah terhadap pemulihan nama Tan Malaka dalam konteks sejarah republik Indonesia.
Tan Malaka digambarkan sebagai pemberontak yang haus akan kekuasaan lalu membentuk gerakan komunis di tengah gemuruh Agresi Militer II. Tan Malaka ditangkap dan diadili secara militer di dalam film. Seharusnya hal seperti inilah yang wajib diluruskan kembali.
Beragam nama sutradara terkenal kemudian bermunculan, seperti Garin Nugroho dan Hanung Bramantyo ditengarai akan memproduksi film panjang mengenai Tan Malaka, namun belum juga terealisasi.
Sebagai novel sejarah, Lukacs dalam The Historical Novel memberikan beberapa batasan terkait novel bertemakan sejarah; 1 ia mesti menampilkan keaslian sejarah historical authenticity sesuai dengan semangat zaman kala itu, 2 lalu ia mesti memiliki kesetiaan sejarah historical faithfulness yang didasari oleh basis ekonomi masyarakat yang sesungguhnya, 3 selanjutnya ia mesti menyuguhkan keadaan tempat local color sebagai bagian dari seting penghayatan kesejarahannya, dan 4 yang terpenting ia bukan proses penceritaan ulang peristiwa besar di masa lalu re-telling of great historical events melainkan bagaimana manusianya tumbuh, berpikir, bertindak dan berkontribusi di dalam realitas sejarah.
Keempat komponen ini ada di dalam novel Tan, namun ada satu hal yang mengganjal yaitu 59 Lihat Rico yang berusaha melihat bagaimana perjuangan Soedirman dalam perspektif jihad bela negara.
Ini justru semakin menambah daftar panjang bias sejarah mengenai hidup Tan Malaka itu sendiri. Penutup Tan Malaka akhirnya kembali menjadi perhatian para pemikir, sejarawan, seniman, dan budayawan. Lalu bagaimana dengan para akademisi, terutama kritikus sastra?
Di sini, melalui kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mempertanyakan sebuah wacana kritik sastra poskolonialisme yang dimotori oleh Edward Said dan kawan-kawannya. Foucault dan Bourdieu seakan sepakat bahwa tidak ada objektivitas dalam wacana dan tak ada yang netral dalam bahasa.
Di sini penulis beranggapan, bahwa diskursus kritik sastra poskolonialisme pun sepertinya tak cukup objektif dan netral dalam memandang permasalahan kolonialisme.
Dimanakah posisi Said ketika berbicara mengenai orientalisme? Ini mungkin hanya sekedar pertanyaan retorik belaka, namun bisa menjadi bahasan bersama. Ambil contoh, Tan Malaka yang menerbitkan buku-buku yang berisi pemikirannya di berbagai negara tentang kolonialisme tidak dianggap cukup mumpuni oleh institusi yang melegitimasi bagaimana sebuah kajian ilmiah mesti ditindak lanjuti.
Bukankah ini strategi orientalisme itu sendiri yang dituntut untuk memakai validitas menurut cara mereka; yaitu menurut metodologi ilmiah ala Eropa.
Di sini penulis ingin mempertanyakan bisakah Madilog dijadikan referensi atau dijadikan suatu metodologi penelitian ilmiah terkait dengan kritik sastra poskolonial?
Tak ada kebaharuan sebenarnya, yang ada hanya perubahan bentuk dari penjajahan itu sendiri. Jika jawabannya iya, maka sudah sepantasnya ada sebuah dekonstruksi wacana metodologi penelitian ilmiah terkait dengan kritik sastra poskolonialisme itu sendiri.
Tan Malaka mungkin tidak pernah berpikir sejauh itu, sama seperti Gramsci yang tidak tahu karyanya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap wacana poskolonialisme ketika ia masih hidup. Tan Malaka mungkin tidak sesistematis Foucault dalam meneliti kaitan pengetahuan dengan kekuasaan, tapi Tan Malaka bertindak jauh lebih dari itu. Ia tidak hanya berpikir tapi juga berbuat bagaimana seumur hidupnya untuk memerdekakan bangsanya dari kebodohan dan penjajahan melalui pengetahuan itu sendiri.
Foucault tidak pernah memikirkan arti pentingnya kemerdekaan bagi bangsa terjajah. Tan Malaka bahkan tak seberuntung Said yang bisa mewacanakan poskolonialisme secara ilmiah dikarenakan hidupnya adalah pelarian dari incaran agen-agen kolonial, imperial dan komunis itu sendiri. Tapi, apa yang sudah Tan Malaka wacanakan mengenai praktik kolonialisme sangat bisa diaplikasikan dalam ranah kritik sastra poskolonial.
Ironi selalu mewarnai tokoh besar grand-homme satu ini. Setidaknya ada beberapa ironi besar yang terjadi pada dirinya; a ia adalah orang pertama yang menggagas Republik Indonesia tapi ketika proklamasi terjadi ia tidak terlibat; b tatkala ia mati-matian membela proklamasi dari rongrongan 61 Pemerintah Belanda meminta pemerintahan Sjahrir untuk memenjarakan Tan Malaka supaya berbagai perundingan Renville, dll dapat berjalan mulus tanpa gangguan.
Bahkan kini adalah Belanda yang paling antusias menaikkan wacana Tan Malaka kembali. Wacana orientalisme kini dalam praktik yang sesungguhnya. Jika Tan Malaka terlahir atau meninggal di Prancis tentu tempatnya adalah di Pantheon—kuburan untuk para grand- hommes—sebagai bukti penghargaan tertinggi sebuah peradaban. Bahkan kini di Belanda, sedang diwacanakan pembuatan satu tugu Tan Malaka yang akan diletakkan di depan sekolahnya dulu di Utrecht.
Daftar ironi Bapak Republik itu bisa saja akan terus bertambah. Ibarat sebuah lakon Shakespeare, kehidupan Tan Malaka memang layak untuk dikisahkan kepada anak-anak muda yang gelisah melihat negerinya yang kaya dengan sumber daya alam tapi tidak memberi banyak pilihan kepada rakyatnya untuk sejahtera. Sayangnya, lakon itu berjenis tragedi. Apa yang ia perjuangkan seakan hanya debu kala senja.
Tan Malaka di hilang kan untuk hadir kembali memecah kejumudan manusia Indonesia pasca-kemerdekaan. Sehingga pertanyaan yang timbul kemudian sudahkah kita benar-benar siap untuk mendekonstruksi kemapanan kajian ilmiah kritik poskolonial itu sendiri? Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam. Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi. Ombak; Jogjakarta Adi Susilo, Taufik. Tan Malaka: Biografi Singkat. Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations. Dari Penjara ke Pigura. Sastra Indonesia Modern: Kritik Postkolonial.
Muhammad Yamin dan Cita-cita Persatuan. Ombak; Jogjakarta Ismail, Taufiq. Horison Esai Indonesia Kitab Satu. Bentang Budaya; Jogjakarta Lukacs, George. The Historical Novel. Merlin Press: London Malaka, Tan. Dari Penjara ke Penjara Jilid 1, 2, dan 3.
Gramedia; Jakarta Mona, Matu. Jendela; Jogjakarta Muhammad, Goenawan. KataKita; Depok Nasbi, Hasan. Filosofi Negara Menurut Tan Malaka. Tan Malaka dan Gerakan Kiri Minangkabau. Ombak; Jogjakarta Poeze, Harry. Tan Malaka: Pergulatan Menuju Republik Yogyakarta; Jendela Ratna, Nyoman Kutha.
Postkolonialisme Indonesia: Relevansi Sastra. Pustaka Pelajar; Jogjakarta Ritzer, George. Modern Sociological Theory terj. Jakarta; Kencana Santoso, Listiyono dkk. Epistemologi Kiri. Tan: Sebuah Novel. Tan: Gerilya Bawah Tanah.
No comments:
Post a Comment